Gradient Impact

Gradient Impact on Performance

Gradient dramatically changes the physics and tactics of cycling, favoring different rider types.

Power Requirements by Gradient

• 0-2% (flat): Aerodynamics dominate, absolute power matters most
• 3-5% (rolling): Mix of aero and gravity, W/kg starts mattering
• 6-8% (moderate climb): W/kg very important, heavier riders struggle
• 9-12% (steep climb): W/kg critical, weight difference amplified
• 13%+ (very steep): Pure W/kg, lightest climbers dominate

Speed Impact

• On 10% gradient, 80kg rider at 4.5 W/kg = ~15 km/h
• On 5% gradient, same rider = ~22 km/h
• On flat, same rider = ~35+ km/h
• Slower speeds reduce aerodynamic drag's importance

Tactical Implications

• Lightweight climbers attack on steepest sections
• Heavier riders prefer shallower gradients
• Team leaders conserve energy on gradual sections
• Descents allow heavier riders to close gaps

Optimal Gradient for Time Trials

Most riders perform best on 2-4% gradients - steep enough to reduce aero penalty on uphill but shallow enough that gravity penalty is manageable. Very steep or very flat both increase time lost.