Chapter 13 Further Reading: Logical Database Design

Foundational Texts

Toby J. Teorey, Sam S. Lightstone, Tom Nadeau, H.V. Jagadish. Database Modeling and Design: Logical Design, 5th Edition. Morgan Kaufmann, 2011. The standard graduate-level text on logical data modeling. Covers ER modeling, normalization, and the translation from logical to physical models. Particularly strong on the mathematical foundations of normalization and on advanced relationship types (ternary, n-ary).

Graeme Simsion and Graham Witt. Data Modeling Essentials, 3rd Edition. Morgan Kaufmann, 2005. A practitioner-focused guide that emphasizes the human side of data modeling — how to gather requirements, facilitate design workshops, and communicate models to non-technical stakeholders. The sections on common design patterns and anti-patterns are especially valuable.

C.J. Date. An Introduction to Database Systems, 8th Edition. Addison-Wesley, 2004. The definitive academic reference on the relational model. Date's treatment of normalization (including 4NF, 5NF, and domain-key normal form) is the most rigorous available. Dense but authoritative.

ER Modeling and Notation

Peter Pin-Shan Chen. "The Entity-Relationship Model — Toward a Unified View of Data." ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 1(1):9-36, March 1976. The original paper that introduced ER modeling. Still worth reading for the clarity of Chen's thinking about how to represent business concepts as data structures.

Thomas A. Bruce. Designing Quality Databases with IDEF1X Information Models. Dorset House, 1992. While IDEF1X notation is less common today than Crow's foot, this book provides an exceptionally clear treatment of identifying vs. non-identifying relationships, key migration, and role naming — concepts that apply regardless of notation.

Scott W. Ambler. Agile Database Techniques. Wiley, 2003. Bridges the gap between ER modeling and modern agile development practices. Covers evolutionary database design, refactoring, and how to integrate data modeling into iterative development workflows.

Normalization

Edgar F. Codd. "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks." Communications of the ACM, 13(6):377-387, June 1970. Codd's foundational paper. Required reading for anyone who wants to understand why the relational model exists, not just how to use it.

Edgar F. Codd. "Further Normalization of the Data Base Relational Model." In R. Rustin (ed.), Data Base Systems, Prentice Hall, 1972. Introduces Second and Third Normal Form. The examples are dated but the logic is timeless.

Ronald Fagin. "Normal Forms and Relational Database Operators." Proceedings of the 1979 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, 1979. Introduces Fourth Normal Form. Important for understanding multi-valued dependencies, though these arise less frequently in practice than 2NF/3NF violations.

Design Patterns

David C. Hay. Data Model Patterns: Conventions of Thought. Dorset House, 1996. A catalog of reusable data model patterns organized by business domain: parties and organizations, products and services, contracts and agreements, locations and addresses. Essential for anyone designing enterprise data models.

Len Silverston. The Data Model Resource Book, Volumes 1 and 2, Revised Edition. Wiley, 2001. Comprehensive reference of universal data model patterns. Volume 1 covers patterns common to all businesses (people, organizations, locations, events). Volume 2 covers industry-specific patterns (financial services, healthcare, manufacturing). The banking and financial services patterns in Volume 2 are directly relevant to the Meridian Bank project.

Martin Fowler. Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture. Addison-Wesley, 2002. While primarily a software architecture book, the chapters on data source patterns (Active Record, Data Mapper, Table Data Gateway) and object-relational mapping patterns (Identity Map, Lazy Load, Inheritance Mapping) provide essential context for how logical data models interact with application code.

DB2-Specific Design

Susan Lawson. DB2 for z/OS and OS/390: Ready for Java. MC Press, 2003. While focused on Java integration, includes strong coverage of how logical models translate to DB2 for z/OS physical objects, including database/tablespace/table relationships specific to the z/OS platform.

Whei-Jen Chen, Christian Hideaki Kondo, et al. DB2 11 for z/OS Technical Overview. IBM Redbooks, SG24-8180, 2014. Provides an overview of DB2 for z/OS features relevant to implementing logical designs: temporal tables, universal tablespaces, online schema changes. Available free from the IBM Redbooks website.

Paul Zikopoulos, George Baklarz, et al. DB2 pureXML Cookbook. IBM Press, 2009. Relevant if your logical model includes semi-structured or document data alongside relational data. DB2's pureXML capabilities provide an alternative to the EAV anti-pattern for genuinely flexible attributes.

Banking and Financial Data Models

Len Silverston. The Data Model Resource Book, Volume 2: Industry-Specific Data Models. Wiley, 2001. Chapter 10 (Banking) and Chapter 11 (Financial Services) provide reference data models for customer management, account management, loan processing, and regulatory reporting. The Meridian Bank model in this textbook draws on patterns from this resource.

IBM Banking Data Warehouse Model. IBM Corporation. IBM's industry reference model for banking data warehouses. Available through IBM's industry solutions documentation. Provides a comprehensive logical model for banking analytics that complements the OLTP model designed in this chapter.

BIAN (Banking Industry Architecture Network). Service Landscape and Business Object Model. Available at bian.org. An industry consortium's reference architecture for banking systems. The business object model provides standardized definitions for banking entities (party, account, product, arrangement) that align with our logical model terminology.

Data Modeling Tools

erwin Data Modeler (quest.com/products/erwin-data-modeler). Industry-standard data modeling tool with full support for Chen, Crow's foot, and IDEF1X notations. Generates DDL for DB2 and other platforms. Commercial license required.

IBM Data Architect (part of IBM Rational suite). IBM's own modeling tool with native DB2 support. Integrates with DB2 catalog for reverse engineering and forward engineering.

Lucidchart (lucidchart.com). Web-based diagramming tool with ER diagram templates and Crow's foot notation support. Good for collaborative modeling sessions.

draw.io / diagrams.net (diagrams.net). Free, open-source diagramming tool. Supports ER diagram notation and exports to multiple formats. A practical choice for learning and small projects.

DBeaver (dbeaver.io). Free database tool that includes basic ER diagram generation from existing schemas. Useful for reverse-engineering legacy databases during requirements gathering.

Academic Papers

Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe. Fundamentals of Database Systems, 7th Edition. Pearson, 2016. The leading academic textbook for database courses. Chapters 3-4 (ER modeling) and Chapters 14-15 (normalization) are thorough reference treatments. Exercises with solutions make this a good self-study resource.

Jeffrey D. Ullman and Jennifer Widom. A First Course in Database Systems, 3rd Edition. Pearson, 2008. A more concise academic text that covers ER modeling, the relational model, and normalization at a level appropriate for undergraduate study. Available in a free Stanford online course.

Online Resources

IBM DB2 Documentation — Database Design Best Practices https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/db2 The official IBM documentation includes sections on database design considerations specific to DB2, including recommendations for tablespace organization, data type selection, and constraint implementation.

IDUG (International DB2 Users Group) https://www.idug.org The primary community for DB2 professionals. Conference proceedings and technical library include many presentations on data modeling for DB2, particularly for z/OS environments.