Chapter 32: Further Reading — Global AI Governance Frameworks

Foundational Texts and Policy Documents

1. OECD (2019). Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence. The primary text of the OECD AI Principles, available at oecd.ai. Essential reading for understanding the conceptual foundations of international AI governance. The accompanying OECD AI Policy Observatory provides extensive comparative implementation analysis.

2. UNESCO (2021). Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. The full text of UNESCO's landmark governance instrument, available on the UNESCO website. Read alongside the Readiness Assessment Methodology document to understand how UNESCO envisions implementation. The 2023 implementation progress report provides sobering data on actual compliance.

3. G7 (2023). Hiroshima Process International Guiding Principles for Organizations Developing Advanced AI Systems; International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI Systems. Both documents are available from the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry's website. Read together with the G7 Leaders' Statement from the October 2023 meeting for political context.

4. UN Secretary-General's Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence (2024). Governing AI for Humanity: Final Report. The UN Advisory Body's recommendations for global AI governance architecture, including proposals for a new UN AI entity and an international scientific panel on AI. Available at the UN website. Essential for understanding the UN system's approach to AI governance as of 2024.

5. European Commission (2024). Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (EU AI Act). The full text of the EU AI Act, available in the Official Journal of the European Union. Extremely detailed but essential for practitioners. The European Commission's AI Office website provides guidance documents and implementation resources.

Academic Analysis

6. Bradford, Anu (2020). The Brussels Effect: How the European Union Rules the World. Oxford University Press. The foundational academic analysis of how EU regulatory standards become de facto global standards through market mechanisms. While published before the EU AI Act, its framework is essential for understanding the Act's global implications. Bradford's subsequent articles specifically applying the Brussels Effect to AI regulation are also valuable.

7. Cath, Corinne, Wachter, Sandra, Mittelstadt, Brent, Taddeo, Mariarosaria, and Floridi, Luciano (2018). "Artificial Intelligence and the 'Good Society': The US, EU, and UK Approaches." Science and Engineering Ethics, 24(2), 505–528. A detailed comparative analysis of the governance philosophies underlying different national approaches to AI ethics that remains analytically useful despite some dating of specific policy references.

8. Roberts, Huw, et al. (2021). "The Chinese Approach to Artificial Intelligence: An Analysis of Policy, Ethics, and Regulation." AI and Society, 36(1), 59–77. A rigorous analysis of Chinese AI governance that resists both uncritical condemnation and naive optimism, providing the analytical framework needed to understand China's role in global AI governance without reducing it to simple authoritarian characterization.

9. Dafoe, Allan (2018). "AI Governance: A Research Agenda." Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University. Though pre-dating many current governance developments, this paper remains a valuable framework for thinking about the governance challenges that AI presents at a systems level. Its framing of the core coordination problems is still highly relevant.

10. Cihon, Peter (2019). "Standards for AI Governance: International Standards to Enable Global Coordination in AI Research and Development." Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University. A detailed analysis of the role of technical standards bodies in AI governance, including ISO, IEC, IEEE, and the ITU. Valuable for understanding governance mechanisms that operate below the level of formal diplomatic processes.

Regional and Global South Perspectives

11. African Union Commission (2024). AU AI Continental Strategy for Africa. The strategic document that reflects African governance priorities and the AU's vision for AI development and governance across the continent. Read alongside African Union's Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa (2020–2030) for the broader context.

12. Srinivasan, Janaki, and Chander, Anupam (2021). "Whose AI? Artificial Intelligence for the Benefit of Humanity." AI Now Institute. A critical analysis of global AI governance from a Global South perspective, examining whose priorities and values are embedded in global AI governance frameworks and what genuine inclusion would require.

13. Research ICT Africa (Multiple years). AI Policy and Governance in Africa: Research Papers. The Research ICT Africa organization produces ongoing research on AI governance across African contexts. Their publications available at researchictafrica.net provide empirical grounding for understanding the governance challenges specific to African contexts.

14. CIPESA (Collaboration on International ICT Policy in East and Southern Africa). "AI and Digital Rights in Africa" reports. CIPESA's ongoing research on AI governance and digital rights across sub-Saharan Africa provides important ground-level analysis of how AI governance (and its absence) affects African communities.

Institutional and Process Analysis

15. Slaughter, Anne-Marie (2017). The Chessboard and the Web: Strategies of Connection in a Networked World. Yale University Press. While not specifically about AI, Slaughter's analysis of networked governance — how governance increasingly happens through networks of governmental and non-governmental actors rather than formal treaty regimes — provides an essential conceptual framework for understanding how global AI governance actually operates.

16. Renda, Andrea (2019). "Artificial Intelligence: Ethics, Governance, and Policy Challenges." Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). A substantive policy analysis from a European think tank perspective that situates EU AI governance in the broader global context and provides useful analysis of the governance challenges that comprehensive AI regulation is designed to address.

17. Whittlestone, Jess, Nyrup, Rune, Alexandrova, Anna, and Cave, Stephen (2019). "The Role and Limits of Principles in AI Ethics: Towards a Focus on Tensions." FAccT 2019. A critical analysis of principle-based AI governance frameworks that identifies the structural limitations of relying on high-level principles — an analysis that applies directly to the international governance instruments examined in this chapter.

Ongoing Resources

18. OECD AI Policy Observatory (oecd.ai) The most comprehensive database of national AI policy initiatives, research, and comparative governance analysis available. Updated regularly and free to access. Essential for practitioners who need to track the evolution of AI governance across multiple jurisdictions.

19. Future of Life Institute AI Policy Resources The Future of Life Institute maintains a regularly updated database of AI governance developments across major jurisdictions, including a timeline of major AI governance milestones. Available at futureoflife.org.

20. AI Now Institute Annual Reports The AI Now Institute, based at New York University, publishes annual reports on the state of AI governance that combine academic rigor with policy relevance and explicit attention to power dynamics and equity. Available at ainowinstitute.org. Their 2023 and 2024 reports are particularly relevant to this chapter's themes.