Chapter 16 — Self-Check Quiz

Twenty-six questions. Multiple choice and short answer. The key is at the bottom in a collapsed block — do the whole thing before you open it, and do the arithmetic on paper.


Multiple choice

1. A 750 ml bottle holds approximately 25.4 fluid ounces. A 5 oz house pour yields:

  • A. 4 glasses
  • B. 5 glasses
  • C. 5 glasses and a short sixth
  • D. 6 glasses

2. The three-tier system was created primarily to:

  • A. maximize state alcohol tax revenue
  • B. dismantle the pre-Prohibition "tied house," in which producers owned or controlled the outlets that sold their product
  • C. guarantee small wineries access to national distribution
  • D. standardize wine pricing across states

3. Bellwether's wine cost percentage target is 28%, against a bar running 18%. The chapter's explanation for the gap is that:

  • A. wine is purchased less efficiently than spirits
  • B. the ladder deliberately accepts worse percentages higher up the list, and wine's gross profit per minute of labor is far better than the percentage suggests
  • C. the distributor charges restaurants more for wine
  • D. wine spoilage is the entire difference

4. A \$14 bottle poured at \$14 a glass, 5 oz, sells four of five glasses. The pour cost on that bottle is:

  • A. 20.0%
  • B. 22.5%
  • C. 25.0%
  • D. 33.3%

5. Under Figure 16.2's ladder, a bottle costing \$18 wholesale is priced at:

  • A. \$36
  • B. \$50
  • C. \$54
  • D. \$63

6. "Bottle-price laddering" means:

  • A. applying a higher multiple as wholesale cost rises
  • B. applying a declining multiple as wholesale cost rises, so gross-profit dollars still increase
  • C. adding a fixed dollar margin to every bottle
  • D. arranging the list from cheapest to most expensive on the page

7. Bellwether's 12 by-the-glass selections carry approximately what share of wine revenue?

  • A. 25%
  • B. 38%
  • C. 60%
  • D. 85%

8. The chapter recommends organizing a list by:

  • A. grape variety
  • B. region and appellation
  • C. producer, alphabetically
  • D. style — what the wine does — with grape and origin on a second line

9. A bottle-list selection with zero sales in 90 days should, per §16.8:

  • A. be cut from the list immediately
  • B. go on notice with two weeks on the pre-shift board, then be cut or reduced to one bottle at 120 days
  • C. be discounted 30%
  • D. be moved to the by-the-glass program

10. The chapter's argument against a \$9,000 climate-controlled cellar unit at Bellwether is that:

  • A. the storage room temperature is acceptable
  • B. wine does not actually degrade at ambient temperature
  • C. the equipment costs more than twice the value of the inventory it protects
  • D. the landlord prohibits it

11. Corkage is best understood as:

  • A. a penalty for bringing outside alcohol
  • B. a fee recovering the glassware, service, and seat the restaurant provides when it does not sell the wine
  • C. a legally mandated charge
  • D. a way to discourage guests from returning

12. Which of the following is always true regardless of state?

  • A. quantity discounts on wine are permitted
  • B. restaurants may buy directly from wineries
  • C. corkage is legal at a licensed premises
  • D. none of the above — every one of these varies by state

13. Bellwether's \$96–\$135 shelf turns 2.7 times a year. In days on the shelf, that is approximately:

  • A. 45 days
  • B. 90 days
  • C. 135 days
  • D. 270 days

14. The most valuable move in wine service, per §16.7, is:

  • A. reciting a tasting note
  • B. recommending the most expensive bottle in the guest's stated range
  • C. putting a finger on a price on the list and asking "something around here?"
  • D. offering a taste of two options

15. A guest mispronounces a wine's name. The server should:

  • A. gently repeat it correctly
  • B. say nothing about the pronunciation at all
  • C. spell it out for future reference
  • D. compliment the choice and then correct it

Short answer

16. A wine costs \$26 wholesale. Price it on the ladder and give the gross profit and cost percentage.

17. A restaurant pours 6 oz from a 750 ml bottle. How many saleable glasses does it get, how much wine is stranded per bottle, and why does the chapter call the pour size "the arithmetic that sets itself"?

18. Bellwether's wine revenue is \$164,920 at a 28% cost. State the wine COGS in dollars, and state what share of the \$434,000 beverage line wine carries.

19. Bellwether's by-the-glass program has a theoretical cost of 19.6% and an achieved cost of 22.0% on \$99,000 of revenue. Compute the annual gap in dollars, and convert it to bottles at a \$13.20 average wholesale cost.

20. State the three fears that suppress wine ordering, and give one fix for each.

21. A distributor offers 10% off a ten-case buy of a \$22 wine you sell four bottles a month of. Without computing precisely, state the three costs the discount has to beat and say which one alone usually sinks the deal.

22. Bellwether holds 207 bottles worth \$4,068 and spends \$46,180 a year on wine. Compute turns and days on the shelf. Compare to a food inventory that turns about 33 times a year and say what the comparison means for cash.

23. A \$52 bottle sits 135 days at a 10.5% annual cost of capital. Compute the financing component of its carrying cost.

24. Why is the top shelf of a wine list described as "marketing inventory" rather than "selling inventory," and what does that imply about how deep to stock it?

25. Explain, in two sentences, why the \$28 bottle earning \$20 of gross profit and the \$135 bottle earning \$55 of gross profit both belong on the same list even though their cost percentages are 28.6% and 59.3%.

26. A quarterly staff tasting costs Bellwether \$1,980 a year. What movement in per-guest wine spend would it need to produce to pay for itself, and what does the chapter estimate a \$0.50 movement is actually worth?


Answer key **1. B.** 25.4 ÷ 5 = 5.08 — five glasses with about 0.4 oz of slack for spill and drip. **2. B.** The 21st Amendment (1933) handed states broad authority over alcohol; most used it to force an independent wholesaler between producer and retailer, breaking the tied-house arrangement. **3. B.** The ladder deliberately accepts worse cost percentages higher up the list because contribution *dollars* rise the whole way. And a \$14 glass of wine yields \$11.20 of gross profit for the labor of pulling a cork, against \$11.48 for a cocktail that required juicing, batching, shaking, straining, garnishing, and washing a tin. **4. C.** Revenue 4 × \$14 = \$56; cost is still \$14. 14 ÷ 56 = **25.0%** — five points worse than the 20% a five-of-five bottle produces. **5. B.** \$18 falls in the \$15–\$22 band at 2.8×. 18 × 2.8 = \$50.40, rounded to **\$50**. **6. B.** The multiple falls as cost rises; the gross-profit dollars rise anyway. Both facts are the point. **7. C.** \$99,000 of \$164,920 — 60% of wine revenue from 12 of 40 selections. **8. D.** Style categories are ones every adult already possesses; grape and region go underneath for the guest who wants them. **9. B.** On notice at 90 days, off or down to one bottle at 120 — with the anchoring exception in §16.8. **10. C.** The unit costs more than twice the \$4,068 of inventory. If a category's protective equipment exceeds the value of the category, you bought the wrong equipment or built the wrong list. **11. B.** And the first question is whether it is legal in your jurisdiction at all. **12. D.** Direct purchase, quantity discounts, and corkage legality all vary by state and sometimes by county. Verify locally, in writing. **13. C.** 365 ÷ 2.7 ≈ **135 days** — about four and a half months in the rack. **14. C.** It lets the guest name a price without saying a number out loud in front of the table, which removes the single largest suppressor of wine spending. Aim the finger just above the middle of the section. **15. B.** Never correct pronunciation — not gently, not helpfully, not by saying it correctly back. That table's wine spending stops for the evening. **16.** \$26 falls in the \$22–\$45 band at 2.5×. 26 × 2.5 = **\$65**. Gross profit **\$39**. Cost percentage 26 ÷ 65 = **40.0%**. **17.** 25.4 ÷ 6 = 4.23 — **four saleable glasses**, with **1.4 oz stranded** per bottle. The chapter's point is to pick a pour size that divides the bottle: five ounces uses 25 of the bottle's 25.4, six ounces uses 24 and throws away the rest. Over 1,650 bottles a year that stranded 1.4 oz is about 91 bottles of wine, roughly \$1,200 at Bellwether's average cost. **18.** \$164,920 × 0.28 = **\$46,180** of wine COGS. Wine is **38%** of the \$434,000 beverage line (\$164,920 ÷ \$434,000 = 38.0%). **19.** 22.0% − 19.6% = 2.4 points. 2.4% × \$99,000 = **\$2,376**. At \$13.20 a bottle that is **180 bottles** a year — about half a bottle per service across 364 services. **20.** *Mispronouncing something* → phonetics on the list, servers offer the name first so the guest can point, never correct pronunciation. *Spending more than intended* → the finger-on-the-price question, plus a genuinely good bottle at the bottom of the ladder. *Being judged* → a service standard that treats every wine question, and every price point, identically. **21.** It has to beat (a) the financing cost of the capital over the depletion period, (b) the spoilage risk of holding wine for that long in your actual storage conditions, and (c) the opportunity cost of the cash and the rack space. **The financing cost alone usually sinks it** — in §16.6's worked example, \$312 of interest against a \$264 discount, before spoilage. **22.** \$46,180 ÷ \$4,068 = **11.4 turns**; 365 ÷ 11.4 = **32 days**. Food turns roughly 33 times (about 11 days). Per dollar of annual revenue, wine ties up about **2.7 times** as much inventory as food — which means wine is disproportionately expensive in cash terms relative to the revenue it produces, and that matters most in the weeks when cash is tightest. **23.** \$52 × 0.105 × (135 ÷ 365) = **\$2.02**. Add a 4% annualized loss allowance over the same period (\$0.77) and the bottle costs about **\$2.79 to own** before anyone drinks it. **24.** Its job is not to turn — it is to make the middle of the list read as reasonable, by giving the guest a ceiling to price against. Since anchoring works on the *price printed*, not the *bottles held*, **one bottle anchors exactly as well as three and costs a third as much to own.** **25.** Because you bank contribution margin, not cost percentage: the 59.3% bottle earns \$55 every time it sells against the 28.6% bottle's \$20, and a bottle priced at a "good" percentage that nobody buys earns nothing at all. The ladder exists so that every price point on the page is one a guest in this room will actually pay. **26.** At a 72% gross margin, \$1,980 of cost is covered by about \$2,750 of incremental wine revenue — roughly **eight cents per guest**. The chapter estimates a **\$0.50** movement is worth **\$16,830** of revenue and **\$12,118** of gross profit, so the program pays back about six times over.