Chapter 39 — Self-Check Quiz

Twenty-six questions. Answer key in the collapsed block at the bottom. Where a question touches a legal obligation, the fully correct answer includes "and verify the rule in your jurisdiction."


Multiple choice

1. The turnaround diagnostic's Step 1 asks whether your best service of the week clears cash break-even. If the answer is no, what have you learned?

  • A. You have an execution problem and should start a ninety-day turnaround
  • B. You should re-price the menu immediately
  • C. Execution cannot save you; you must separate a concept problem from a math problem
  • D. You should cut labor on your slowest three nights

2. Which pair of tests distinguishes a concept problem from a math problem?

  • A. Prime cost versus food cost
  • B. Break-even covers versus physical capacity at realistic turns
  • C. Average check versus the competitive set's average check
  • D. Labor percentage versus the staffing guide

3. Bellwether's downside case nets \$3,820 on \$1,258,920 of sales, with a marginal contribution of \$26.33 per dinner cover and 260 dinner services a year. The annual cushion is closest to:

  • A. Six covers a night
  • B. Three covers a night
  • C. About half of one cover a night
  • D. Twelve covers a night

4. One point of prime cost on \$1,258,920 of sales, at \$6,845 of annual contribution per cover-per-night, raises the break-even by approximately:

  • A. 0.4 covers a night
  • B. 1.8 covers a night
  • C. 4.6 covers a night
  • D. 9.2 covers a night

5. A ninety-day turnaround board shows \$79,200 annualized and \$17,000 realized in ninety days. Which figure belongs in a thirteen-week cash plan, and why?

  • A. \$79,200, because it is the true run-rate value of the program
  • B. \$17,000, because measures ramp and a quarter is a quarter
  • C. The average of the two, to be conservative
  • D. Neither; cash plans should exclude turnaround effects entirely

6. A restaurant's distributor moves the account from net-14 terms to cash on delivery. On \$24,210 of weekly sales at 29.0% product cost, the cash requirement pulled forward is approximately:

  • A. \$7,021
  • B. \$14,042
  • C. \$21,063
  • D. \$3,510

7. Which of these is not something a ninety-day operational turnaround can do?

  • A. Move three to five points of prime cost
  • B. Recover most of a previously identified control-leak exposure
  • C. Create demand that was not already there
  • D. Improve the rate at which cash accumulates

8. In a Chapter 11 bankruptcy, an unexpired lease may be:

  • A. Only assumed
  • B. Only rejected
  • C. Assumed or rejected, with the landlord's rejection-damage claim capped by a statutory formula
  • D. Neither; leases are unaffected by a filing

9. A restaurant entity files for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. What happens to the owner's personal guaranty on the lease?

  • A. It is discharged along with the entity's debts
  • B. It is stayed permanently
  • C. Nothing — the guaranty is a separate obligation of a separate person who has not filed
  • D. It is reduced to one year of rent by operation of law

10. Which statement about a corporation or LLC in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy is correct?

  • A. It receives a discharge on liquidation
  • B. It receives no discharge; the entity simply ends
  • C. It receives a discharge only if the owners also file
  • D. It receives a partial discharge proportional to assets liquidated

11. Bellwether's closure floor is \$65,662 and its monthly fixed obligations are \$48,933. The floor expressed in days of fixed obligations is closest to:

  • A. 14 days
  • B. 21 days
  • C. 40 days
  • D. 62 days

12. Bellwether's cash reserve at opening is \$8,700 — 5.3 days. The correct reading of this alongside the closure floor is:

  • A. The reserve is adequate because closure costs can be paid from equipment sales
  • B. On day one the business cannot fund an orderly closure, so only the disorderly exit is available
  • C. The floor is irrelevant until the restaurant is actually failing
  • D. The reserve should be spent first, since the floor accrues later

13. In a forced sale, proceeds from restaurant equipment subject to a lender's lien on business assets generally:

  • A. Belong to the owner and can fund final payroll
  • B. Are split evenly between the owner and the lender
  • C. Go to the secured lender and reduce the note
  • D. Go first to unsecured trade creditors

14. A price increase of \$3 that costs four covers a night can still be profitable primarily because:

  • A. Fixed costs fall when covers fall
  • B. The departed covers take their product cost with them, and the added price is nearly all margin
  • C. Labor is fully variable at the margin
  • D. Average check and covers are independent variables

15. In the lunch pivot example, incremental labor of \$430 a service against a \$12.35 contribution per cover means the service must do at least:

  • A. 22 covers
  • B. 29 covers
  • C. 35 covers
  • D. 48 covers

16. Which is the cheapest pivot axis and therefore the one to test first?

  • A. Concept
  • B. Service model
  • C. Daypart
  • D. Price point

17. The most useful preparation before asking a landlord for rent relief is:

  • A. A letter explaining how hard the year has been
  • B. A computation of what it costs the landlord to replace you
  • C. A promise to sign a longer term
  • D. A list of nearby restaurants that also closed

18. Withheld employee payroll taxes are best described as:

  • A. An ordinary payable that can be stretched like any other
  • B. Money held in trust, with potential personal liability for responsible individuals
  • C. A cost of goods sold item
  • D. Dischargeable in a business bankruptcy along with trade debt

19. In an orderly closure, staff are told:

  • A. On the final day, to prevent early departures
  • B. After the guests, so the announcement is coordinated
  • C. Before guests and before the public, with the final date, final pay date, and what each is owed
  • D. Only individually, at their next scheduled shift

20. Final pay timing at separation is governed by:

  • A. A single uniform federal rule
  • B. The employer's written policy in all states
  • C. State-specific rules that vary substantially, sometimes with penalties for lateness
  • D. The terms of the commercial lease

Short answer

21. State the five steps of the turnaround diagnostic in order, in one line each.

22. Explain why the break-even ladder "climbs toward you as you deteriorate," and give the mechanism in one sentence.

23. Why is "you have stopped opening the flash report" listed as an immediate-action trigger? What is it actually measuring?

24. A guaranty's face value is \$1,032,600 and the realized claim in the worked example is \$173,034. Name the mechanism that produces the difference and two things that could defeat it.

25. Give the rule that decides whether to keep a restaurant open after a terminal diagnosis, and then give three legitimate reasons that satisfy it.

26. Explain the difference between a lease assignment and a sublease from the guarantor's point of view, and say which one an operator in distress should pursue first and why.


Answer key **1. C.** A soft *best* service means the market is not producing enough demand at your price even at its peak. No amount of cost control reaches that. Step 5 then separates concept from math by comparing break-even covers to physical capacity. **2. B.** If break-even covers exceed what the room can seat at realistic turns, the model cannot work in place — a math problem. If break-even is within capacity but demand isn't there, it is a concept problem, and a pivot is on the table. **3. C.** \$3,820 ÷ (\$26.325 × 260) = \$3,820 ÷ \$6,844.50 = 0.56 covers. About half of one guest a night is the entire annual cushion. **4. B.** \$1,258,920 × 1% = \$12,589. \$12,589 ÷ \$6,845 = 1.84 → about 1.8 covers a night. **5. B.** \$17,000. The annualized column is the run-rate value if everything holds for a year; the bank account inside the quarter only ever sees the realized column. Cash plans that use the left column miss. **6. B.** \$24,210 × 29.0% = \$7,021 of weekly product. Net-14 terms finance roughly two weeks of it, so COD pulls about \$14,042 forward into a single week. **7. C.** A turnaround is a cost-and-control instrument. It cannot bring in a guest who was not already coming, which is why the diagnostic's Step 1 gates it. **8. C.** Assumption or rejection of unexpired leases is a defining feature of Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and a rejection produces a landlord claim capped by a statutory formula. Your attorney computes the cap. **9. C.** The automatic stay protects the debtor. A guarantor is a separate person who has not filed, and after a filing the guarantor is frequently where the money is. **10. B.** A corporation or LLC receives no discharge in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The trustee liquidates and distributes; the entity ends. **11. C.** \$48,933 ÷ 30 = \$1,631 a day. \$65,662 ÷ \$1,631 = 40.3 days. **12. B.** Five point three days of cash against a forty-day closure floor means the orderly exit is not funded on day one. Equipment proceeds are pledged to the secured lender and cannot be counted on. **13. C.** Secured creditors are paid from their collateral. Equipment financed under an equipment lease simply returns to the lessor. Neither funds final payroll — which is why the closure floor must exist as cash. **14. B.** At 80 covers × \$45 the contribution is \$2,394.00; at 76 × \$48 it is \$2,492.04. The four departed guests removed \$52.20 of product cost, and the \$3 added to 76 checks is margin. **15. C.** \$430 ÷ \$12.35 = 34.8, so 35 covers. At a forecast of 42 the entire program is seven covers — one large table — above nothing. **16. D.** Price. It costs near zero, you know within four to six weeks, and it can be executed this week. Work the axes cheapest first. **17. B.** You are proposing a transaction, and the counterparty compares it to their alternative. On the worked figures, an \$18,000 ask against a \$219,200 replacement cost is 8%. **18. B.** Federal law treats withheld amounts as held in trust, and responsible individuals can be held personally liable even where the business is a corporation or LLC. Many states apply comparable rules to sales tax. Call an accountant the day you are late. **19. C.** Staff first, before guests and before the public, with the concrete facts before the explanation. Some people will leave; plan for it and let them go without complaint. **20. C.** Rules vary substantially by state — some require payment on the last day for employer-initiated separations, others allow through the next regular payday — and penalties for late final pay exist in many states. Choose the closing date around the payroll calendar, and verify locally in writing. **21.** (0) Establish break-even covers at cash and actual covers by day of week for eight weeks. (1) Does your best service clear cash break-even? No → Step 5. (2) Is prime cost within two points of plan? No → execution problem, §39.3. (3) Is the average service above break-even? No → demand shortfall, §39.4 or §39.5. (4) Does the thirteen-week forecast stay positive every week? No → cash-timing problem, §39.5, today. (5) If Step 1 said no: break-even covers versus physical capacity separates a math problem from a concept problem. **22.** Chapter 32 computed the ladder at the plan's contribution margin. Every point of prime cost lost reduces the contribution each cover produces, so more covers are required to cover the same fixed base — meaning the worse your execution gets, the more guests you need, and the guests do not come because your execution is worse. **23.** It measures whether the only person who can act still has visibility. Operators stop counting when the count stopped being good news; the moment the flash report goes unopened is the moment the business becomes invisible to its own management, which is precisely when a fixable execution problem becomes an unfixable cash problem. **24.** Mitigation — the landlord re-lets, and their provable damages become the vacancy, the re-tenanting cost, and the rent shortfall rather than the full remaining term. It can be defeated by an enforceable acceleration clause in the lease, by a lease provision waiving or altering the duty to mitigate, or by a state rule imposing no duty to mitigate in the first place. Read the lease with counsel before you surrender. **25.** *You keep the doors open for a reason with a date on it, or you close.* Legitimate reasons: a sale or lease assignment in progress with a real counterparty and a date; a lease-termination negotiation that requires you to be operating as leverage; a turnaround inside its board, hitting its numbers, with a dated line that crosses break-even. "It might get better" is not a reason and has no date. **26.** In an **assignment**, the leasehold transfers to a new tenant with the landlord's consent — but the original tenant and guarantor frequently remain *secondarily* liable, so read the consent document carefully and negotiate a release if you can get one. In a **sublease** you remain the tenant and remain **fully** liable; the subtenant's default is your default. Pursue the assignment first: it is the only one of the two that can meaningfully reduce personal exposure, and it takes sixty to a hundred and twenty days, which is why it must be started while you still have runway.