Index

References are by chapter and section number.

"test like you fly" — 32.4
18th/19th Space Defense Squadron — 35.3
1U / 3U / 6U / 12U — 33.2
2007 Fengyun-1C ASAT test — 35.1
2009 Iridium-Cosmos collision — 35.1
25-year rule — 35.3
5-year rule (FCC) — 35.3
70 m antenna — 26.3

A

ablative heat shield — 7.3
absolute vs. fault-based liability — 35.5
absorbed dose (gray) — 28.3
absorptivity (solar absorptance, alpha) — 24.2, 24.3
accelerating grid / screen grid — 20.2
acceptance testing — 32.4
acoustic cavity (resonator) — 18.5
acoustic environment (launch) — 5.4, 5.6
acoustic loading — 23.1
active debris removal (ADR) — 35.4
active thermal control — 24.4
active vs. standby redundancy — 32.2
adiabatic flame temperature — 18.2
Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) — 28.4
aerobraking — 11.5, 40.4, CS-01
aerobraking (referenced) — 34.4
aerocapture — 11.5, 34.4
aerodynamic deceleration ($q/\beta$) — 5.3
aerodynamic heating (ascent) — 5.5
aerodynamic torque — 14.3
aeroelasticity — 5.6
aerospike — 19.5
air density vs. altitude — 5.1
albedo — 24.1, 24.6
Aldrin, Buzz (Dr. Rendezvous) — 6.6
Allen, H. Julian — 7.2
alpha/epsilon ratio — 24.2, 24.3
altitude compensation — 19.5
aluminum alloys (2xxx, Al-Li) — 23.3
ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) — 17.4
amortization (of launch hardware) — 38.4
amplifier (mass ratio) — 29.5
AM–GM inequality (equal-split proof) — 22.2
anchor examples — 1.6
angle of attack — 4.2, 4.5, 5.3, 5.6
angular momentum (attitude) — 14.3, 14.5
angular velocity — 14.3
annihilation, energy density — 21.6
anomaly resolution — 31.4
antenna gain — 26.2
anti-slosh baffle — 22.3
antimatter propulsion — 21.6
aperture efficiency — 26.2
apoapsis — 6.1, 6.4
apogee dwell (Kepler's second law) — 9.4
apogee dwell time — case-study-02
Apollo 1 fire — 28.1, 36.4
Apollo 11 — 36.4
Apollo 13 — 31.4
Apollo command module (entry) — 7.1, 7.3, 7.4, 7.6
Apollo Guidance Computer — 27.3
Apollo program — 36.4
apsidal precession — 12.2
area ratio (nozzle) — 19.5
area-to-mass ratio — 12.4
areal density (shielding) — 28.3
areal velocity — 8.2
area–Mach relation — 19.5
area–velocity relation — 19.2
argon — 20.4, 20.6
argument of periapsis — 8.4
argument of periapsis (drift) — 12.2
Ariane 5 Flight 501 — 32.5
Ariane 6 — 30.1, 30.6
arm-then-fire — 31.4
array sizing — 25.1, 25.2
arraying — 26.3
arrival hyperbola / orbit-insertion burn (MOI) — 40.4, CS-01
Artemis — 39.1
artificial gravity — 28.5
ascending node — 8.4
ascent trajectory — 4.5
asteroid mining — 39.5
astrotools (assembled package) — Mission Design Checkpoint
Atlas V — 30.1, 30.6
atmospheric drag (on satellites) — 12.3
atmospheric drag (orbital decay) — 9.1
attitude — 14.1, 14.2
attitude control — 14.5
attitude determination — 14.4
August 1972 solar particle event — 28.3
autogenous pressurization — 22.4, 38.6
autonomy — 27.6
autonomy (deep space) — 34.3, 34.4
autonomy (deep-space operations) — 31.5
auxiliary circle — 8.6
AVCOAT (Apollo) — 7.3
Axiom Station — 39.3
azimuth-inclination relation (cos i = cos phi sin beta) — 30.3

B

Baikonur Cosmodrome — 30.3
ballistic capture — 15.5
ballistic coefficient — 5.3, 12.3
ballistic coefficient (applied to entry) — 7.4
ballistic coefficient (disposal) — 35.3, 35.4
ballistic re-entry — 7.4
balloon tank (pressure-stabilized) — 23.2, 23.6
Baseline Values and Assumptions Document (BVAD) — 28.1
bathtub curve — 32.1
battery (lithium-ion) — 25.3
battery capacity sizing — 25.3
beamed propulsion — 21.5
beginning of life / end of life (BOL/EOL) — 25.1, 25.2
beginning-of-life / end-of-life (coating degradation) — 24.6
behavioral health — 28.6
belly-flop re-entry — 38.5
BepiColombo — 20.6
bi-elliptic transfer — 10.3
bioregenerative life support — 28.2
bipropellant — 17.1
Block 5 — 38.2
block upgrade — 38.2
blow-by — 37.4
Blue Origin — 36.6
blunt body — 7.2
body frame — 14.1, 14.2
boiloff — 22.3, 24.5
boiloff (used; owned Ch. 22) — 18.4
Boisjoly, Roger — 37.4
bone demineralization — 28.4
boostback burn — 22.5, 38.3
booster catch (tower) — 22.5
Bosch reaction — 28.2
bow shock — 7.2
break-even day (recycling) — 28.2
break-even flights — 22.6
Breakthrough Starshot — 21.5
Bruns's theorem — 15.2
buckling (thin-shell) — 23.3, 23.4
buffeting — 5.6
built-in hold — 30.5
bulk density (propellant) — 17.1, 18.3
burn rate — 17.4
burn time — 16.6
bus voltage — 25.6
Buzz Aldrin / Gemini rendezvous — 10.5

C

C3 (characteristic energy, for selection) — 30.6
CAPCOM (capsule communicator) — 31.2
Cape Canaveral / Kennedy — 30.3
capture ellipse — 11.5
carbon dioxide removal — 28.1, 28.2
carbon-fiber composite (CFRP) — 23.3
career dose limit — 28.3
carrier rocket — 30.1
carrying capacity (orbital) — 35.1, 35.6
catastrophic fragmentation threshold (40 J/g) — 35.2
catch (tower catch, chopsticks) — 38.5
cavitation — 22.4
CCSDS — 31.4
cell efficiency (multi-junction) — 25.1
center of pressure — 14.3
central force — 8.2
centrifugal force — 15.1
centripetal acceleration — 28.5
Ceres (recovery of) — 13.4
Challenger — 36.5
Challenger (STS-51-L) — 37.4
chamber pressure — 17.2, 17.3, 38.6
chamber temperature — 19.4
characteristic acceleration — 21.4
characteristic energy (C3) — 6.5, 11.4
characteristic energy (C3, Mars departure) — 34.2
choked flow — 19.3
choked mass flow rate — 19.3
chord (transfer geometry) — 13.3
chugging — 18.5
circle / ellipse / parabola / hyperbola — 8.3
circular orbital velocity — 2.6, 4.1
circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP) — 15.1
circular velocity — 6.1, 6.2, 20.6
Clarke orbit / Arthur C. Clarke — 9.3
closed-loop control — 27.1
closed-loop life support — 28.2, 39.2
closing speed (orbital collision) — 35.1
coating degradation (UV, atomic oxygen) — 24.6
coding gain — 26.4
collision avoidance — 35.3
collision avoidance (COLA) — 30.4
collision cascade (chain reaction) — 35.1
collision probability (Pc) — 35.2, 35.3
collision-avoidance maneuver (COLAM) — 35.3
Columbia — 36.5
Columbia (STS-107) — 7.3, 37.5
Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) — 37.5
combined maneuver — 10.6
combustion — 18.1
combustion chamber — 17.2
combustion instability — 18.5
command-loss timer — (Case Study 2)
commanding — 31.4
commercial space station — 39.3
commercial spaceflight — 36.6
common-cause failure — 32.2, 32.5, 37.4
communication delay (Earth-Mars light time) — 28.6
communication delay (Earth–Mars) — 34.3
communication latency — 31.5
communication light-time delay — 27.6
complexity and reliability — 37.6
composite — 23.3
composite-overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) — 22.4
compressible flow — 19.2
compression heating — 5.5, 7.2
Congreve rocket — 36.1
conic section — 8.3
conjunction — 31.5, 35.3
conjunction data message — 35.3
conjunction workload (N-squared scaling) — 35.6
conjunction-class mission — 34.1
conservation of momentum — 2.4
conservative force — 6.1
constant-q ascent (q-hold) — 5.6
constellation — 9.1, 9.2, 33.5
constraint requirement — 29.2
consumables — 31.4
contact window — 31.3
contingency — 29.4
continuity equation (gas dynamics) — 19.2
control — 27.1, 27.4, 27.5
control authority — 27.5
control moment gyroscope (CMG) — 14.5
convection (absence of, in vacuum) — 1.3
converging–diverging nozzle — 19.1
Coriolis effect — 28.5
Coriolis force — 15.1, 15.4
cosine loss (sun angle) — 25.1
cosmic microwave background (as thermal sink) — 24.1
cosmic rays — 1.3
Cosmos 954 — 35.5
cost amortization — 22.6
cost floor (of reuse) — 38.4
cost of reliability — 32.6
cost per kilogram — 30.2
cost per kilogram (launch) — 33.4
cost per kilogram to orbit — 38.4
COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) — 33.1, 33.3
countdown — 30.5, 31.1
covariance (uncertainty) — 13.6
coverage geometry (nadir/elevation/Earth-central angle) — 33.5
coverage vs. resolution trade — 9.1, 9.6
Cowell's method — 12.6
crew autonomy — 28.6
Crew Dragon — 36.6, 39.4
critical (throat) conditions — 19.3
Critical Design Review (CDR) — 29.6
critical inclination — 12.2, case-study-02
critical inclination (63.4 deg) — 9.4
critical pressure ratio — 19.3
Criticality 1 — 37.4, 37.6
cross-range — 7.4
cruise radiation dose — 34.3
cryocooler — 24.5
cryogenic propellant — 18.4
cryogenic strengthening (austenitic stainless) — 23.6
cryogenic thermal management — 24.5
CubeSat — 33.2
CubeSat Design Specification — 33.2
CubeSat power budget — 33.3
cycle life — 25.3

D

data rate vs distance — 26.4
Dawn (Vesta, Ceres) — 20.6
dawn-dusk orbit — 9.5
dawn-dusk sun-synchronous orbit — 25.2
de Laval nozzle — 19.1
de-orbit (disposal burn) — 35.3
dead-band control — 12.6
debris flux — 35.2
debris removal: harpoons — 35.4
debris removal: nets — 35.4
debris removal: robotic capture — 35.4
decibel (dB, dBW, dBi, dB-Hz) — 26.1
deep space (2.7 K sink) — 24.1, 24.2
Deep Space 1 — 20.2
Deep Space Network — 26.3
Deep Space Network (scheduling) — 31.5
Deep Space Network tracking — 13.2
degradation (radiation) — 25.2
degrees of freedom (rigid body) — 14.1
delta-DOR — 13.2 (see Ch. 26), 26.5
delta-v — 3.2, 3.6
delta-v (as maneuver cost) — 10.1, 10.2, 10.6
delta-v (preview) — 1.1, 1.2, 1.5
delta-v budget — 3.6, 29.3
delta-v budget (as master constraint) — 40.1, 40.2, 40.3, 40.4, 40.5
delta-v budget (transfers) — 10.6, Mission Design Checkpoint
delta-v map — 3.6
democratization of space — 33.1
Dennis Tito — 39.4
densified (subcooled) propellant — 38.2
density specific impulse — 17.1
deorbit burn — 7.1
departure hyperbola — 11.4
deployer (P-POD) — 33.4
depth of discharge — 25.3
derating — 32.1, 32.6
derivative term — 27.4
design closure — 40.1, 40.2, 40.6
design closure ("closes") — 29.1, 29.5
design for demise — 33.6, 35.3
design lifecycle (phases) — 29.6
design matrix — 13.5
design review — 29.6
deterministic chaos — 15.2
differential correction — 13.5
direction cosine matrix (DCM) — 14.2
discharge chamber — 20.2
dissociation — 18.2
dissociation (of air) — 7.2
Doppler tracking — 26.5
DRACO — 21.1
drag coefficient — 5.3
drag force — 5.3
drag loss — 4.4
drag sail / drag augmentation — 35.4
driving requirement — 29.2, 29.5, 40.2, 40.6
droneship (autonomous spaceport drone ship) — 38.3
dual-spin — 14.6
dual-use (ADR / anti-satellite) — 35.4
dynamic pressure — 4.4, 5.2, 5.3, 5.6
Dyson, Freeman — 21.3

E

Earth (horizon) sensor — 14.4
Earth oblateness / equatorial bulge — 12.2
Earth-rotation launch credit — 4.5
eastward rotation credit — 30.3
east–west station-keeping — 12.6
eccentric anomaly — 8.6
eccentricity — 8.3
eclipse cycling — 24.6
eclipse fraction — 25.2
eclipse period — 25.2, 25.6
Edelbaum spiral delta-v — 20.6
EECOM — 31.2
effective emittance — 24.3
effective exhaust velocity — 2.2, 2.3, 16.2, 16.3, 19.4, 20.1
effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) — 26.1
effective potential — 15.1, 15.2
Eggers, A. J. — 7.2
eigenaxis — 14.2
elastic bounce (moving-wall analogy) — 11.6
electric propulsion — 20.1
electric propulsion (comsat trade) — 40.2
electrodynamic tether — 35.4
electrolysis (ISRU oxygen) — 34.5
electrolysis (oxygen generation) — 28.2
Electron — 30.1, 30.6
electrothermal / arcjet / resistojet — 20.4
emissivity (emittance, epsilon) — 24.2, 24.3
energy-to-mass ratio (EMR, catastrophic fragmentation) — 35.2
engine cutoff (guidance) — 27.3
engine cycle — 17.3
engine-out capability — 22.4, 38.6
enthalpy of formation — 18.1
entry burn — 22.5, 38.3
entry interface — 7.5
entry, descent, and landing (EDL) — 27.6, 34.4
environmental control and life support system (ECLSS) — 28.1
equation of motion (two-body) — 8.2
equilateral configuration — 15.3
equilibrium temperature — 24.2, 24.6
equivalent dose (sievert) — 28.3
error detection and correction (EDAC) — 26.6
error signal — 27.1, 27.4
escape energy — 6.5
escape velocity — 2.6, 6.5
escape velocity (preview) — 1.5
Euler angles — 14.2
Euler equation (steady flow) — 19.2
Euler's equations (rotational) — 14.3
Euler's rotation theorem — 14.2
Euler, Leonhard — 15.3
exhaust molar mass — 19.4, 19.6
exhaust molecular weight — 18.2, 18.3
exhaust velocity — 3.2, 3.4
exhaust velocity (preview) — 1.2
exhaust velocity, ideal — 19.4
exhaust-velocity equation — 19.4
exit plane (nozzle) — 16.1
exit velocity (exhaust velocity formula) — 18.2
expander cycle — 17.3
expansion ratio — 17.2, 19.5
Explorer 1 — 1.3, 14.6, 36.4
exponential atmosphere (density model) — 5.1
extended Kalman filter (EKF) — 13.6, 27.2, 27.5
external tank (ET) — 37.1, 37.3, 37.5

F

F-1 engine — 18.5
factor of safety — 23.4, 32.6
failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) — 32.3
fairing jettison — 5.4
fairing volume — 30.6
Falcon 1 — 38.1
Falcon 9 — 1.2, 1.6, 3.5, 16.2, 16.4, 16.6, 22.1, 22.4, 22.5, 22.6, 30.1, 30.2, 30.6, 36.6, 38.2, 38.3, 38.4
Falcon 9 (ascent) — 4.3
Falcon 9 (max-Q, throttle-down) — 5.2, 5.6
Falcon 9 engine-out — 32.2 (via CS-1)
Falcon Heavy — 30.1, 30.6
faster, better, cheaper (Goldin) — 33.1
fault protection / safe mode — 27.6
fault tree analysis — 32.3
feedback — 27.1, 27.4
Feynman, Richard (Appendix F) — 32.6, epigraph
Feynman, Richard P. — 37.4
FIDO (flight dynamics officer) — 31.2, 31.3
field joint — 37.3, 37.4
finite-burn loss — 10.1
fire arrow — 36.1
fission reactor (space) — 25.5
flat plate (equilibrium temperature) — 24.2
flight controller — 31.2
flight director (FLIGHT) — 31.2
flight dynamics — 31.3
flight rules — 31.2
flight termination system — 31.1
flight-path angle — 4.3
flight-path angle (entry) — 7.5
flow separation — 19.5
fluid shift — 28.4
flutter — 5.6
flyby hyperbola eccentricity — 11.6
FMECA / criticality — 32.3
foam strike — 37.5
focus (of an ellipse) — 8.1, 8.3
footprint fraction — 33.5
Fort McHenry (rockets' red glare) — 36.1
forward error correction / channel coding — 26.4
four-satellite fix (clock bias) — 9.2
Frau im Mond (launch countdown) — 36.2
free brake (atmosphere as) — 7.1
free fall — 1.4, 2.1, 2.5
free fall (weightlessness) — 4.1, 4.6
free-molecular heating — 5.4, 5.5
free-space path loss — 26.1
Friis transmission equation — 26.1
fuel (rocket) — 17.1
fuel-rich combustion — 18.3
full reusability — 38.5
full-flow staged combustion — 17.3, 17.6, 38.6
functional requirement — 29.2
fusion propulsion (Project Daedalus) — 21.6

G

g-forces (re-entry) — 7.6
G/T (figure of merit) — 26.3
Gagarin, Yuri — 36.4
gain scheduling — 27.4
gain tuning — 27.4
galactic cosmic rays (GCR) — 28.3
gas-generator cycle — 17.3
Gateway — 39.1, 39.6
Gauss's method — 13.4
Genesis (mission) — 15.4
geostationary orbit (GEO) — 9.3, 9.6
geostationary orbit (period) — 8.5
geostationary orbit / GEO / GTO — 40.2
geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) — 6.4, 8.3, 8.6, 9.3, 10.2, 10.6
geosynchronous orbit — 9.3
Gibbs's method — 13.4
gimbal lock — 14.2
Global Positioning System (GPS) — 9.2
GNC (guidance, navigation and control) — 31.2
GNSS (onboard navigation) — 13.2
GO/NO-GO poll — 30.5, 31.1
Goddard, Robert — 2.3, 3.1
Goddard, Robert (vacuum thrust) — 16.1
Goddard, Robert H. — 36.2
Golden Record — 39.6
Goldstone / Madrid / Canberra — 26.3
GPHS-RTG — 25.4
GRAIL — 15.5
grain geometry — 17.4
graveyard orbit (disposal orbit) — 9.3
graveyard orbit (disposal) — 35.3
gravitational constant (G) — 2.5
gravitational parameter (mu) — 2.5
gravitational potential energy — 2.6, 6.1
gravitational slingshot — 11.6
gravity assist — 11.6
gravity gradient — 28.5
gravity loss — 4.3
gravity turn — 4.2
gravity well — 1.5, 2.6
gravity-gradient torque — 14.3
green propellant — 18.6
grid fin — 22.5
ground sample distance (GSD) — case study 1
ground station — 31.3
GTO-to-GEO plane change penalty — 30.3
guidance — 27.1, 27.3, 27.5
guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) — 27.1
gunpowder rocket — 36.1
Gustaf de Laval — 19.1
gyro drift — 14.4
gyroscopic coupling — 14.3

H

half-life (Pu-238) — 25.4
half-power beamwidth — 26.2
Hall current (E×B drift) — 20.3
Hall thruster — 20.3
halo orbit — 15.4
Hamilton quaternion (scalar-first) — 14.2
harness (mass, I^2R loss) — 25.6
Hayabusa / Hayabusa2 — 39.5
heat flux scaling ($\sqrt{\rho}\,v^3$) — 5.5
heat of combustion — 18.1
heat pipe — 24.4
heater (survival heater) — 24.4, 24.6
heliocentric transfer ellipse — 11.2
high-thrust vs. high-efficiency tradeoff — 16.5
higher-orbit-is-slower (orbital paradox) — 6.6
highly elliptical orbit (HEO) — 9.4
Hill radius — 15.3
Hill sphere — 15.3
Hiten — 15.5
Hohmann transfer — 10.2, 10.3, 10.6
Hohmann transfer (comparison) — 20.6
Hohmann transfer to Mars — 40.4
Hohmann, Walter — 11.2
hold (countdown) — 31.1
Hooke's law — 23.4
hoop stress — 23.4
hover trap — 4.3
hoverslam (suicide burn) — 22.5
Hubble Space Telescope (servicing) — 1.4
Human Landing System (HLS) — 39.1
human Mars architecture trade — 34.6
human-rating / loss of crew — 32.6
hybrid rocket — 17.5
hydrogen embrittlement — 18.4
hydrolox — 30.1
hydrolox (LOX/LH2) — 17.1, 17.6
hydrostatic equilibrium — 5.1
hyperbolic excess velocity — 6.5, 11.2, 11.4
hyperbolic trajectory — 6.5
hypergolic propellant — 17.1, 18.3, 18.4
hypoxia — 28.1

I

ICE environment (isolated, confined, extreme) — 28.6
IKAROS — 21.4
impulsive maneuver — 10.1
in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) — 18.6, 34.5, 39.2, 39.5
in-space manufacturing — 39.5
inclination — 8.4
inclination as a design variable — 9.6
inclination change — 10.4
inertia — 2.1
inertia tensor — 14.3
inertial measurement unit (IMU) — 27.2, 27.5
inertial pointing — 14.1
infant mortality — 32.1, 32.4
initial orbit determination (IOD) — 13.4
injector — 17.2
injector baffle — 18.5
innovation — 13.6
instantaneous launch window — 30.4
integral term — 27.4
integral windup — 27.4
inter-satellite link (laser crosslink) — 33.5
interface (subsystem) — 29.5, 29.6
intermediate-axis instability — 14.3, 14.6
International Space Station (ISS) — 36.5
interplanetary Hohmann transfer — 11.2
interplanetary superhighway — 15.5
interplanetary transport network — 15.5
invariant manifold — 15.5
inverse problem — 13.1
inverse-square law — 2.5
inverse-square law (solar flux) — 24.1, 25.1
ion / gridded electric propulsion — 40.5
ion engine (gridded electrostatic) — 20.2
ion thruster (electric) — 16.3, 16.5
ionization (of air) — 7.2
Iridium — 33.5
ISEE-3 — 15.4
isentropic flow — 19.3
isentropic relations — 19.3
isothermal sphere (equilibrium temperature) — 24.2
ISRU propellant plant sizing — case-study-02
ISS retirement / de-orbit — 39.3
iterative development (hardware-rich) — 38.1

J

J2 (oblateness coefficient) — 12.2
J2 oblateness (preview) — 9.5
Jacobi constant — 15.2, 15.5
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) — 15.4
James Webb Space Telescope (thermal) — 24.5
jet power — 16.5, 20.1
joint rotation — 37.4
Juno (solar power at Jupiter) — 25.1 (case study 1)
Jupiter Trojans (Greek/Trojan camps) — 15.6
jurisdiction and control (OST Article VIII) — 35.5

K

Kalman filter — 13.6
Kalman filter (used, defined in Ch. 13) — 27.2, 27.5
Kalman gain — 13.6
Kennedy, John F. — 36.4
Kepler space telescope / K2 — 14.5
Kepler's equation — 8.6
Kepler's first law (ellipses) — 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Kepler's laws — 8.1, 8.2
Kepler's second law (equal areas) — 8.1, 8.2
Kepler's second law (preview) — 6.4
Kepler's third law (periods) — 8.1, 8.2, 8.5
Kepler, Johannes — 8.1, 8.5
kerolox — 30.1
kerolox (LOX/RP-1) — 17.1, 17.6
Kessler syndrome — 35.1, 35.4
Kessler syndrome (preview) — 33.6
Kilopower — 25.5
Kilopower / fission surface power — 34.5
Kilopower / KRUSTY — 21.2
kinetic energy (in orbit) — 6.1
kinetic energy of orbit (energy to dissipate) — 7.1
Kirchhoff's law — 24.2
Korolev, Sergei — 36.4
Kourou (Guiana Space Centre) — 30.3
Kraft, Christopher — 31.2
Kranz, Gene — 31.2, 31.4
KRUSTY — 25.5
krypton — 20.6
Kármán line — 1.1, 4.1, 4.6, 5.1, 36.3, 39.4

L

L1, L2, L3 (collinear points) — 15.3
L4, L5 (triangular points) — 15.3
Lagrange multiplier (optimal split) — 22.2
Lagrange point — 15.3
Lagrange, Joseph-Louis — 15.3
Lambert targeting (used, from Ch. 13) — 27.3
Lambert's problem — 13.3
Lambert's problem (reference) — 10.5
Lambert's theorem — 13.3
landing burn — 22.5, 38.3
landing legs — 22.5
Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector (eccentricity vector) — 8.2
laser debris removal — 35.4
laser sail — 21.5
latency (LEO vs GEO) — 33.5
latent heat of vaporization — 22.3, 24.5
launch azimuth — 4.5, 30.3
launch azimuth / launch site latitude — 10.4
launch commit criteria — 31.1
launch cost ($/kg to LEO) — 39.6
launch delta-v — 4.3, 4.5, 4.6
launch escape system — 37.3
launch load — 23.1
launch operations — 31.1
launch vehicle — 30.1, 30.6
launch window — 11.3, 30.4
launch window (Mars) — 34.1
launch window / synodic period — 40.4
launch-commit criteria — 30.5
launch-site latitude — 30.3
launch-vehicle selection — 30.6
launch-vehicle selection (from C3) — case-study-02
law of cosines (velocity triangle) — 10.4, 10.6
learning paths — 1.6
least squares — 13.5
Leibniz, Gottfried (vis viva) — 6.3
lethal non-trackable debris (1–10 cm) — 35.2
Liability Convention — 35.5
libration point — 15.3
life degradation factor — 25.2
life support — 28.1
lift (aerodynamic) — 5.3
lift coefficient — 5.3
lift-to-drag ratio (entry) — 7.4
lifting re-entry — 7.4
liftoff condition — 16.4
light-time delay — 1.4
lightness number — 21.4
LightSail-2 — 21.4
limit checking — 31.4
limit load / ultimate load — 23.4
line of sight (range unknown) — 13.4
linear tangent law — 27.3
link budget — 26.1
link margin — 26.1
Lissajous orbit — 15.4
lithium hydroxide (LiOH) — 28.2
load factor (g's) — 23.1, 23.4
load path — 23.2
load-and-go — 31.1
local orbit frame (LVLH) — 14.1
local time of ascending node — 9.5
Long March 5 — 30.1
longitudinal (axial) stress — 23.4
loop closure — 28.2
loss-of-crew rate — 37.4, 37.6
louver (thermal) — 24.4
low Earth orbit (LEO) — 9.1, 9.6
low lunar orbit (LLO) — 40.3
low-energy transfer — 15.5
low-gain antenna — 26.2
low-thrust trajectory — 20.6
LOX/CH4 (methane, methalox) — 18.3, 18.4, 18.6
LOX/LH2 (liquid hydrogen) — 18.3, 18.4
LOX/LH2 (specific impulse) — 19.4, 19.6
LOX/methane — 19.6
LOX/RP-1 (kerosene) — 18.3
LOX/RP-1 (specific impulse) — 19.4, 19.6
Lucy (mission) — 15.6
lunar night power — 25.4 (case study 2)
lunar orbit rendezvous — 36.4
lunar south pole (water ice) — 39.1, 39.5
lunar-orbit rendezvous (LOR) — 40.3, CS-02
luni-solar perturbation — 12.5
LVM3 — 30.1, 30.6

M

Mach number — 1.1, 5.2, 5.5, 19.2
magnetic nozzle — 20.4
magnetic torque — 14.3
magnetometer — 14.4
magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster — 20.4
magnetorquer — 14.5, 33.3
major-axis rule — 14.6
maneuvers.py (hohmann, plane_change, dv_budget) — Mission Design Checkpoint
MarCO (interplanetary CubeSats) — 33.2
margin — 29.4
margin of safety — 23.4
margins (in a review) — 40.6
Mars Ascent Vehicle — 39.2
Mars ascent vehicle (MAV) — 34.5
Mars atmosphere (thin, ~0.6% Earth) — 34.4
Mars Climate Orbiter — 29.6, 32.5
Mars Climate Orbiter (units failure) — 34.3
Mars entry speed — 34.4
Mars orbit insertion (MOI) — 11.5
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) — CS-01
Mars, crewed mission challenges — 39.2
Mars-landing mass wall — 34.4
Mars-track payoff (mini-MDR) — Mission Design Checkpoint
Mars500 — 28.6
mass budget — 23.5, 29.5
mass flow rate — 2.2, 16.1, 16.2, 20.5
mass growth — 29.4
mass growth factor — 23.5
mass is the enemy (theme 4) — 1.5
mass margin — 29.4, 30.6
mass margin (growth allowance) — 23.5
mass parameter — 15.1, 15.4
mass production (of satellites) — 33.6
mass ratio — 3.2, 3.3
mass ratio (as difficulty readout) — 40.2, 40.3, 40.4, 40.5
mass ratio (preview) — 1.2
mass-spring-damper analogy — 27.4
mass–power–cost coupling — 29.5
master constraint — 29.3
material selection — 23.3
max-Q — 4.4, 4.5
max-Q (maximum dynamic pressure) — 5.2, 5.6
max-Q speed condition ($v = \sqrt{2aH}$) — 5.2
McDonald, Allan — 37.4
MDR document / ten rows — 40.1
mean anomaly — 8.6
mean motion — 8.5, 8.6, 13.2
mean time between failures (MTBF) — 32.1
MECO (main engine cutoff) — 4.3
medium Earth orbit (MEO) — 9.2, 9.6
mega-constellation — 33.5
mega-constellation (sustainability) — 35.6
Merlin (engine) — 17.6
Merlin engine — 3.4, 3.5, 16.1, 16.2, 16.4, 38.2, 38.4, 38.6, Case Study 1
methalox — 30.1
methalox (from ISRU) — 34.5
methalox (LOX/CH4) — 17.1, 17.6
methane / methalox — 38.5, 38.6
microgravity — 1.4, 2.5
microgravity physiology — 28.4
micrometeoroid — 1.3
minimum inclination — 30.3
minimum satellites for global coverage — 33.5
minimum-energy transfer — 13.3
Minovitch, Michael — 11.6, case-study-01
mission control — 31.2
Mission Definition Review (MDR) — 29.6
mission design — 29.1
Mission Design Review (MDR document) — 29.6, Checkpoint
Mission Design Review (MDR) — 1.6, 40.1, 40.6, Checkpoint
mission evaluation room (back room) — 31.6
mission-design funnel — 29.1
Mittelwerk / Mittelbau-Dora — 36.3
mixture ratio — 17.1
mixture ratio (O/F) — 18.3
MMRTG — 25.4
modulation (phase-shift keying) — 26.4
molecular weight effect (on Isp) — 19.6
Molniya orbit — 9.4, case-study-02
Molniya orbit (critical inclination) — 12.2
momentum — 2.4
momentum dumping (desaturation) — 14.5
momentum thrust — 16.1
monocoque (stressed-skin) construction — 23.2
monopropellant — 17.1, 18.6
Moon Agreement — 35.5
Moore's law (and spaceflight) — 33.1
MOXIE — 34.5, 39.2
multi-layer insulation (MLI) — 24.3, 24.4, 24.5
muscle atrophy — 28.4
Mysorean rockets — 36.1

N

N-1 (Soviet Moon rocket) — 32.4, 32.5
N1 rocket (engine-out) — 22.4
nadir pointing — 14.1
NASA Design Reference Architecture 5.0 (DRA 5.0) — 34.6
navigation — 27.1, 27.2, 27.5
near-Earth asteroid (C/S/M-type) — 39.5
near-Earth asteroid (heliocentric match) — 40.5
near-rectilinear halo orbit — 15.6
near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) — 39.1
NERVA — 21.1
nested (cascaded) loops — 27.5
net positive suction head — 22.4
neutralizer cathode — 20.2
New Glenn — 30.1, 30.6
New Horizons — 26.1, 26.4, 26.5
New Shepard — 39.4
New York Times retraction (1969) — 36.2
Newton's cannonball — 1.1, 2.1, 4.1
Newton's first law — 2.1
Newton's method (root finding) — 8.6
Newton's second law — 2.2
Newton's third law — 2.3
Newton, Isaac (Principia) — 8.2, 8.5
no-repair rule — 1.4
nodal regression — 12.2
nodal regression / precession — 9.5
noise spectral density (N0) — 26.1
non-appropriation (OST Article II) — 35.5
normal (out-of-plane) burn — 10.1, 10.4
normalization of deviance — 37.4, 37.5
north–south station-keeping — 12.5, 12.6
nose radius — 7.3
nozzle — 17.2
nozzle, rocket — 19.1, 19.2, 19.5
NSTAR — 20.3, 20.5, 20.6
nuclear electric propulsion — 21.2
nuclear pulse propulsion — 21.3
nuclear thermal propulsion — 21.1
nuclear thermal propulsion (Mars crew) — 34.6
numerical propagation — 12.6

O

O-ring — 37.4
Oberth effect — 10.2, 10.6, 11.4, case-study-02
Oberth, Hermann — 36.2
objective (mission) — 29.1
observation — 13.1, 13.2
observation model — 13.1
octaweb — 38.2
on-orbit refueling — 38.5
one-way light time — 31.5
OneWeb — 33.5, 33.6
onion / iterated staged sizing — CS-02
open-loop control — 27.1, 27.3
open-loop life support — 28.2
Operation Paperclip — 36.3
opposition — 31.5
opposition-class mission — 34.1
optical solar reflector (OSR) — 24.3, 24.4
optical tracking (angles-only) — 13.2
optimal ascent — 4.5
optimal staging — 22.2
orbit (sideways, not up) — 4.1, 4.6
orbit determination — 13.1
orbit determination (handoff) — 31.3
orbit equation (conic) — 8.2, 8.3
orbit selection (mission design) — 9.6
orbit_catalog (astrotools helper) — Mission Design Checkpoint
orbital debris — 1.3
orbital debris (space junk) — 35.1, 35.2
orbital decay — 2.1, 12.3
orbital decay lifetime (disposal timing) — 35.3
orbital elements — 8.4
orbital flight — 4.6, 39.4
orbital lifetime — 12.3
orbital period — 8.5, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
orbital period (Kepler III preview) — 6.6
orbital plane (inertially fixed) — 30.4
Orbital Reef — 39.3
orbital refueling — 34.2, 34.6
orbital shell — 33.5
orbital transfer vehicle (space tug) — 33.4
orbital velocity — 1.1
orbital-use fee / debris bond — 35.6
orbiter (Space Shuttle) — 37.1, 37.2
Orion (crew vehicle) — 39.1
orthostatic intolerance — 28.4
osculating elements — 12.1
OSIRIS-REx — 39.5
Outer Space Treaty — 35.5
over-expanded — 19.5
over-expanded nozzle — 16.1
oxidizer — 17.1
oxidizer (used; owned Ch. 17) — 18.1, 18.3
oxidizer-rich staged combustion — 17.3

P

parabolic trajectory — 6.5
parachute terminal velocity (Mars) — 34.4
parallel staging — 22.2
parallel staging (Shuttle) — 37.3
parallel system (reliability) — 32.2
parasitic heat leak — 24.5
partial gravity — 28.5
partial pressure of oxygen — 28.1
Partial Test Ban Treaty (1963) — 21.3
passivation — 35.3
passivation (preview) — 33.6
passive rotation convention — 14.2
passive thermal control — 24.3
patched conics — 11.1
payload class (small/medium/heavy/super-heavy lift) — 30.1
payload encapsulation — 31.1
payload fairing — 5.4, 31.1
payload fraction — 22.1, 22.2
payload ratio — 22.1, 22.2
payload to GTO — 30.2
payload to LEO — 30.2
payload user's guide — 23.1
payload-vs-C3 curve — 11.4
peak deceleration (Allen–Eggers) — 7.6
Peenemünde — 36.3
perfect expansion — 19.5
perfectly expanded nozzle — 16.1, 16.2
performance requirement — 29.2
periapsis — 6.1, 6.4
perigee / apogee (apsides) — 8.1, 8.3
perihelion / aphelion — 8.1
periodic perturbation — 12.1
Perseverance (Mars 2020) EDL — case-study-01
perturbation — 12.1
perturbation hierarchy — 12.1
perturbed equation of motion — 12.1
phase angle — 10.5
phase angle (lead angle) — 11.3
phasing orbit — 10.5
photovoltaic cell — 25.1
physically possible vs. engineering-ready — 21.6
PICA / PICA-X (Dragon) — 7.3
PID controller — 27.4
pintle injector — 17.2
pitch program — 4.2
pitch program (ascent) — 27.3
pitch-over (kick maneuver) — 4.2
plane change — 10.4, 10.6
plane change (folded into apogee burn) — 40.2
plane-change cost (2 v sin(di/2)) — 10.4
Planet / Dove / Flock — case study 1
planetary infrared (Earth IR) — 24.1, 24.6
plasma blackout — 7.6
plasma frequency — 7.6
plasma sheath — 7.6
plutonium-238 — 25.4
POGO — 22.3
POGO accumulator — 22.3
Poincaré, Henri — 15.2
pointing accuracy / knowledge / jitter — 14.6
pointing budget — 14.6, 29.5
polar orbit — 9.5
polar orbit (zero regression) — 12.2
porkchop plot — 11.3, 13.3
post-mission disposal — 35.3
post-mission disposal (25-year / 5-year rule) — 33.6
power budget — 25.6, 29.5
power flux density — 26.1
power systems (spacecraft) — 25.1, 25.6
power-to-thrust ratio — 20.5
power-to-thrust relation — 21.2
powered descent — 40.3
powered explicit guidance (PEG) — 27.3
power–thrust–Isp relation — 20.1, 20.5
pre-breathe protocol — 28.1
pre-deployment / split mission — 34.6
preburner — 17.3
predict-update cycle — 13.6, 27.2
Preliminary Design Review (PDR) — 29.6
presenting and defending a design — 40.6
pressurant (helium) — 22.4
pressure ratio (nozzle) — 19.4, 19.5
pressure stabilization (of structure) — 23.3
pressure thrust — 16.1, 19.5
pressure-fed cycle — 17.3
price versus cost — 38.4
primaries (three-body) — 15.1
primary structure — 23.2
process noise — 13.6, 27.2
prograde / retrograde burn — 6.6
prograde burn — 10.1, 10.2
Project Orion — 21.3
Project Rover — 21.1
propellant crossfeed — 22.2
propellant fraction (preview) — 1.2
propellant grain — 17.4
propellant loading (tanking) — 31.1
propellant mass fraction — 3.2, 3.3
propellant slosh — 22.3
proportional term — 27.4
propulsive landing — 22.5, 38.3
protoflight — 32.4
proximity operations (V-bar / R-bar) — 10.5
PSLV — 30.1
pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) — 20.4
pusher plate — 21.3
pyrotechnic shock (pyroshock) — 23.1

Q

q-alpha load ($q\alpha$) — 5.6
qualification testing — 32.4
quasar (navigation reference) — 26.5
quasi-static acceleration (load factor) — 23.1
quaternion — 14.2
Queqiao (Earth–Moon L2 relay) — 15.6

R

R-7 Semyorka — 36.4
RAD750 — 26.6
radar tracking — 13.2
radial burn — 10.1
radiation (deep-space, crewed) — 39.2
radiation dose (sievert) — 1.3
radiation hardening — 9.2
radiation pressure (photon momentum) — 21.4
radiation-hardened processor — 26.6
radiative heat balance — 24.2
radiator — 24.4
radiator sizing — 24.4
radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) — 25.4
random vibration — 23.1
range safety — 31.1
ranging — 26.5
Raptor — 38.6
Raptor (engine) — 17.6
Raptor (methalox engine) — 34.2, 34.5
Raptor engine (methane) — 18.3, Case Study 1
rate gyroscope — 14.4
ratio of specific heats (gamma) — 18.2
Rayleigh criterion — 18.5
re-entry (atmospheric entry) — 7.1
re-entry corridor — 7.5
reaction mass — 2.3
reaction wheel — 14.5
reaction-wheel saturation — 14.5
reboost — 2.1
recovery temperature — 5.5
reduced mass — (case study 02)
redundancy — 32.2
redundancy (preview) — 1.4
reference frame (attitude) — 14.1
regenerative cooling — 17.2
Registration Convention — 35.5
regression rate — 17.5
reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) — 7.3, 37.2, 37.5
relay satellite (TDRS) — 31.3, 31.5
reliability — 32.1, 32.2
reliability block diagram — 32.2
reliability, exponential model (R(t) = e^{-lambda t}) — 32.1
rendezvous — 10.5
rendezvous (energy basis) — 6.6
rendezvous vs flyby (velocity matching) — 40.5
requirement — 29.2
requirements flow-down — 29.2
Rescue Agreement — 35.5
residual — 13.5, 13.6
resiliency (elastomer) — 37.4
restricted three-body problem — 15.1
retrograde burn — 10.1, 10.3, 10.5
return to launch site (RTLS) — 38.3
return trip (Mars) — 39.2
reusability — 22.5, 22.6
reusability (theme 5, preview) — 1.5
reusability economics — 37.1, 37.6, 38.4
reuse economics — 22.6
reuse mode (expendable/partial/full) — 30.1, 30.2
reuse payload penalty — 30.2, 38.3
rideshare — 30.6, 33.4
right ascension of the ascending node (drift) — 12.2
right ascension of the ascending node (RAAN) — 8.4
rim speed — 28.5
risk matrix (severity x likelihood) — 32.3
risk priority number (RPN) — 32.3
Robert Zubrin / Mars Direct — case-study-02
rocket equation (history of) — 36.1, 36.2
rocket equation (preview) — 1.2
rocket equation (Tsiolkovsky) — 3.1
Rocket Lab (Electron) — 36.6
Rogers Commission — 37.4
roll-up (delta-v) — 29.3
roll_up_dv — 29.3, Checkpoint
root-cause analysis — 32.5
root-sum-square (RSS) — 14.6
rotating frame (synodic frame) — 15.1
round-trip light time — 26.5, 31.5
Routh criterion — 15.4
RP-1 (kerosene) — 17.1
RS-25 — 37.2
RS-25 (Space Shuttle Main Engine) — 17.6
RS-25 (SSME) — Case Study 1
RS-25 / Space Shuttle Main Engine — 19.5, CS-01

S

S-band / X-band / Ka-band — 26.4
Sabatier reaction — 18.4, 18.6, 28.2, 39.2
Sabatier reaction (ISRU propellant) — 34.5
saddle point — 15.4
safe mode — 14.4, 14.6, 26.6, 31.4, 31.5
Saint-Robert's law — 17.4
sample return (round-trip budget) — CS-02
Saturn V — 36.4
Saturn V (staging) — 22.1
scale height — 5.1
scale height (atmosphere) — 4.4
screech (screaming) — 18.5
scrub / recycle — 30.5
secondary structure — 23.2
secular perturbation — 12.1
Seebeck effect — 25.4
semi-latus rectum — 8.2, 8.3
semi-major axis (energy form) — 6.3
semi-major axis (geometric) — 8.3
semi-synchronous orbit — 9.2, 9.4
sensitive dependence on initial conditions — 15.2
sensor fusion — 14.4, 27.2, 27.5
serial staging — 22.2
series system (reliability) — 32.2
SERT-1 — 20.2
seven minutes of terror — 27.6, 31.5, 34.4
SGP4 — 12.6
SGP4 propagator — 13.2
Shannon limit — 26.4
shift (flight control team) — 31.6
shock layer — 7.2
side-mounted stack — 37.3
sidereal day — 8.5
sidereal day vs. solar day — 9.3
signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/N0, Pr/N0) — 26.1, 26.4
simulation supervisor (SimSup) — 31.6
sine vibration — 23.1
single point of failure — 40.6, CS-02
single point of failure (SPOF) — 32.2, 32.5
single point of failure (structure) — 23.2
single-event latchup (SEL) — 26.6
single-event upset (SEU) — 26.6
single-stage-to-orbit (ceiling) — 22.1, 22.6
size_vehicle — Checkpoint
sizing spine (objective → orbit → delta-v → propulsion → mass → launcher → cost) — 40.1
skip (skip-out / skip entry) — 7.5
sky crane — 34.4
SLS (Space Launch System) — 30.1, 30.6
small satellite — 33.1
small-sat subsystems (miniaturization) — 33.3
smallsat mass classes (mini/micro/nano/pico/femto) — 33.1
SMART-1 — Mission Design Checkpoint
SNAP-27 (Apollo ALSEP) — 25.4 (case study 2)
SOHO — 15.4
solar array — 25.1
solar cell — 25.1
solar conjunction blackout — 31.5
solar constant — 25.1
solar constant, 1361 W/m^2 — 24.1
solar cycle (density variation) — 12.3
solar flux — 1.3, 25.1, 25.2
solar flux (solar constant) — 24.1, 24.2
solar particle event (SPE) — 28.3
solar radiation pressure — 12.4
solar sail — 21.4
solar sail (perturbation) — 12.4
solar-radiation-pressure torque — 14.3
solid rocket booster (Shuttle) — 17.6
solid rocket booster (SRB) — 30.1, 37.3
solid rocket motor — 17.4
sound-pressure level (dB) — 23.1
Soyuz-2 — 30.1
space debris — 35.1, 35.2
space debris (constellation era) — 33.6
space debris mitigation guidelines (IADC/UN) — 35.3
space economy — 39.6
space is unforgiving (theme 2) — 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
Space Launch System (SLS) — 39.1
Space Race — 36.4
Space Shuttle — 36.5, 37.1
Space Shuttle (reusability) — 22.6
Space Shuttle (TPS) — 7.3, 7.6
Space Shuttle external tank (Al-Li 2195) — case study 1
Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) — 37.2
space situational awareness (SSA) — 35.6
space tourism — 39.4
space traffic management (STM) — 35.6
Space Transportation System (STS) — 37.1
space-charge limit (Child–Langmuir) — 20.2
spacecraft maximum allowable concentration (SMAC) — 28.1
Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) — 28.4
SpaceX — 36.6, 38.1, 38.2, 38.4, 38.5, 38.6
SpaceX Dragon (entry) — 7.3, 7.4
specific angular momentum — 8.2
specific energy (battery) — 25.3
specific gas constant — 19.3, 19.4
specific heat (thermal mass) — 24.3
specific impulse — 3.4
specific impulse (high-Isp regime) — 20.1
specific impulse (rigorous) — 16.2
specific impulse (SSME) — 37.2
specific impulse, and molecular weight — 21.1
specific mass (power system, alpha) — 21.2
specific orbital energy — 6.1, 6.2, 6.5
specific orbital energy (from geometry) — 8.2
specific orbital energy, sign of — 6.2, 6.5
specific power (W/kg) — 25.5
specific stiffness (E/rho) — 23.3
specific strength — 23.3, 23.6
speed of sound (in exhaust) — 19.2
sphere of influence — 11.1, 11.4
spin stabilization — 14.6
spiral transfer — 20.6
split delta-v budget (Earth-launched vs Mars-made) — Mission Design Checkpoint
SPT-100 — 20.3
Sputnik — 36.4
Sputnik crisis — 36.4
stability (control loop) — 27.4
stability (Lagrange points) — 15.4
staged combustion — 17.3
staged combustion, fuel-rich — 37.2
staging — 3.5
staging (lunar lander motivation) — 40.3
stagnation conditions — 19.3
stagnation point — 7.2
stagnation temperature — 5.5, 7.2
stainless steel (301/304L) — 23.3, 23.6
stainless steel (Starship structure) — 38.5
standard gravity (g0) — 3.4, 16.2
star tracker — 14.4
Starlab — 39.3
Starlink — 20.6, 33.5, 33.6
Starship — 17.6, 38.5
Starship (Mars vehicle) — 34.2, 34.6
Starship (stainless steel) — 23.6
Starship / Super Heavy — 22.4, 22.5, 22.6, 30.1, 30.2, 30.6
state (position and velocity) — 13.1
state estimation — 27.2
state responsibility (OST Article VI) — 35.5
station-keeping — 12.6
station-keeping (GEO) — 20.6
station-keeping (libration point) — 15.4
station-keeping delta-v budget — 12.6
steady-state error (droop) — 27.4
Stefan–Boltzmann law — 24.2
Stirling convertor — 25.5
stoichiometric mixture ratio — 18.1, 18.3
stoichiometry — 18.1
storable propellant — 18.4
store-and-forward — 31.5
stored command sequence — 31.4
storm shelter — 28.3
storm shelter (Mars cruise) — 34.3
strain — 23.4
stress — 23.4
structural coefficient — 3.5
structural coefficient (ceiling, use) — 22.1
sub-cooling / densification — 18.4
suborbital — 4.6
suborbital flight — 39.4
suborbital vs. orbital flight — 1.1
subsystem mass fractions — 23.5
sun sensor — 14.4
sun-synchronous orbit (J2 derivation) — 12.2
sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) — 9.5
Sundman series — 15.2
sunshield — 24.5
Super Heavy — 38.5, 38.6
Super Lightweight Tank — case study 1
supercritical orbital shell — 35.4
supersonic parachute — 34.4
supersonic retropropulsion — 34.4
supersynchronous transfer orbit — 30.3
surface coatings (thermal) — 24.3
surface stay (re-phasing wait) — 34.1
sustained lunar presence — 39.1
Sutton–Graves heating scaling — 7.3
synodic period — 11.3
synodic period (Earth–Mars, 26 months) — 34.1
system noise temperature — 26.1
systems engineering — 29.5
systems-engineering trade (objective function) — 23.6

T

T-minus clock — 30.5
tank pressurization — 22.4
telemetry — 31.4
terminal count — 30.5
Terrain-Relative Navigation — case-study-01
test like you fly — 23.1
tethered counterweight — 28.5
the closed loop (sense-estimate-decide-actuate) — 27.1, 27.5
the return problem — 34.5
the six themes (synthesis) — 40.6
the tank is the airframe — 23.2
the two knobs (sqrt(Tc/M)) — 18.2
thermal cycling (fatigue) — 24.6
thermal mass — 24.3, 24.6
thermal protection system (mass trade) — 23.6
thermal protection system (TPS) — 7.3, 37.2
thermal radiation (only heat path in vacuum) — 24.2, Overview
thermal tile — 7.3
thermal tile (Shuttle) — 37.2
thermal-vacuum (TVAC) testing — 32.4
thermocouple — 25.4
third-body perturbation — 12.5
three-axis stabilization — 14.6
three-body problem (no closed form) — 11.1, 15.2
throat — 17.2
throat (nozzle) — 19.1, 19.2, 19.3
throttle-down (through max-Q) — 5.6
thrust — 2.2
thrust equation — 16.1, 20.1, 20.5
thrust tube (central cylinder) — case study 2
thrust vector control (TVC) — 27.5
thrust-to-power ratio — 20.3, 20.5
thrust-to-weight ratio — 4.3, 4.5, 16.4
thrust-to-weight ratio (liftoff) — 37.3
thrust-to-weight ratio (why electric can't launch) — 20.5
thruster (attitude) — 14.5
tidal (differential) acceleration — 12.5
tidal balance — 15.3
time of flight / position in time — 8.6
time-tagged command — 31.3, 31.4
titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) — 23.3
Tom Lehrer — 36.3
total heat load vs peak heat flux — 7.3
total impulse — 16.6
total ionizing dose (TID) — 26.6
total mechanical energy — 6.1
Tough and Competent — 31.2
Track A — communications satellite to GEO — 40.2
Track B — lunar cargo lander — 40.3
Track C — Mars science orbiter — 40.4
Track D — asteroid rendezvous — 40.5
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) — 7.6
tracking pass — 31.3
trade study — 9.6, 29.2
tragedy of the commons (orbital) — 35.6
trajectory-correction maneuver (TCM) — 34.3, case-study-02
trans-Earth injection (TEI) — 34.5, 34.6
trans-Mars injection (TMI) — 11.4, 34.2
transcendental equation — 8.6
transfer ellipse — 6.3, 6.4, 10.2, 10.3
transfer optimality (11.94 / 15.58 crossover) — 10.3
transfer time (half-period) — 10.2
transfer time (Hohmann, Kepler III) — 11.2
transonic drag rise — 5.3
transonic flight — 5.2, 5.3, 5.6
transpiration cooling — 7.3
transponder — 26.5
Transporter (SpaceX rideshare) — 33.4
trilateration — 9.2
triple-modular redundancy — 26.6
Trojan asteroid — 15.6
true anomaly — 8.4, 8.6
Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin — 1.2, 3.1, 36.2
Tundra orbit — 9.4
turbopump — 17.2
turn angle (flyby) — 11.6
two-body problem — 8.2
two-line element set (TLE) — 8.4, 13.2, case-study-01
Tycho Brahe — 8.1
tyranny of the rocket equation (theme 1) — 1.2, 1.5

U

ullage — 22.3
ullage motor — 22.3
ultimate strength — 23.4
under-expanded — 19.5
under-expanded nozzle — 16.1
unit (U) — 33.2
universal gravitation — 2.5
uranium-235 — 25.5

V

V-2 (A-4) — 36.3
vacuum — 1.3
Van Allen belts — 1.3, 28.3, 36.4
Van Allen belts (cell damage) — 25.2
Van Allen belts (satellite exposure) — 9.1, 9.2
Van Allen, James — 1.3
Vandenberg — 30.3
variable emittance — 24.4
variable-mass problem — 2.2
VASIMR — 20.4
Vast / Haven-1 — 39.3
vehicle integration — 31.1
velocity-to-be-gained — 27.3
vernal equinox (reference direction) — 8.4
virial theorem (orbital) — 6.2
vis-viva equation — 6.3
von Braun, Das Marsprojekt — 34.1
von Braun, Wernher — 36.3, 36.4
Vostok — 36.4
Voyager (DSN upgrade) — 26.3
Voyager (Grand Tour) — 11.6, case-study-01
Voyager (RTG longevity) — 25.4
Voyager 1 — 1.4
Voyager Grand Tour — 39.6
Vulcan Centaur — 30.1, 30.6

W

Walker constellation — 33.5
Walter Hohmann — 10.2
waste heat rejection — 21.2
water as propellant — 39.5
Water Recovery System — 28.2
weak stability boundary — 15.5
weighted least squares — 13.5
weightlessness — 1.4
Whipple shield — 1.3, 35.2
white paint / black paint (thermal) — 24.3
worst-case hot / worst-case cold — 24.6

X

xenon — 20.2, 20.6

Y

yaw, pitch, roll — 14.2
yield strength — 23.4
Young's modulus — 23.3, 23.4

Z

ZBLAN optical fiber — 39.5
zero-velocity curve — 15.2, 15.5