Chapter 36 — Key Takeaways

The one-page delivery card. Screenshot it and re-read it before every export. The export is the last place to ruin a great edit; delivery is a spec-matching craft, one file per home. Every number here is typical, at the time of writing — confirm the current spec against Appendix H (Delivery & Codec Reference) or the platform before a real delivery.

The terms (all built on Chapter 3 and Chapter 23)

Term Definition (delivery facet)
Export / render Performing every instruction in your timeline — edits, color, titles, mix — and writing the result as one new, self-contained video file that plays without your software.
Delivery codec The codec you encode your finished export into for its destination (H.264/H.265 to ship; ProRes/DNxHR for a master). The capture-side family from Ch.3, turned outward.
Delivery bitrate How much data, in Mb/s, the export spends per second of the finished video — how hard it compresses on the way out.
Wrapper / container (delivery) The file type you export into (named by extension: .mp4, .mov, .mxf) that packages the encoded video, audio, and metadata. .mp4 to ship, .mov for masters.
Platform delivery spec The full recipe a destination expects — resolution, fps, codec, container, bitrate, loudness, aspect, captions, length. The generalization of Ch.23's "platform specs."

The export dialog, field by field

Field Set it to If you get it wrong
Format / wrapper .mp4 to deliver; .mov for a master File won't play where it's going
Codec H.264 to deliver; ProRes/DNxHR for a master Wrong size / won't play, or a huge delivery file
Resolution Match the timeline Up/down-scaling softens the image
Frame rate Match the timeline Frame conversion → judder/stutter
Quality / bitrate Generous — constant-quality "high" or the platform's number, 2-pass for finals Banding, blocking, smearing baked in
Audio AAC 48 kHz 256–320 kb/s stereo (PCM for a master) Your careful mix gets re-crushed
Range Entire timeline You export a leftover in/out section
Captions Burned-in (social) or sidecar .srt (elsewhere) Sound-off / deaf viewers get nothing

Codec + wrapper guide (what to encode into)

Use Codec Wrapper Why
Deliver to web / social / client link H.264 .mp4 Small, universal, plays everywhere — the safe default
Deliver 4K where size is a problem H.265 (HEVC) .mp4 ~half the bitrate for the same quality; heavier to decode, slightly less universal
Master (keep + derive from) ProRes 422 HQ or DNxHR HQX .mov Near-lossless; the authoritative copy
Broadcast Per the broadcaster's spec .mov / .mxf Strict — follow the delivery document exactly

One-sentence rule that covers most of your career: H.264 .mp4 to deliver to people and platforms; ProRes .mov for the master you keep.

Bitrate, in one idea

  • Delivery bitrate is cheap quality and the last place to economize. Export generous.
  • Upload higher than the platform will keep — it re-encodes your file and can only work from the quality you give it. A clean, generous source survives; a starved one compounds its damage.
  • Constant-quality "high" (let bitrate float) is often smartest for your own uploads; restrict-to-bitrate when a spec names a number.
  • 2-pass VBR analyzes the whole video, then spends its budget on the hard parts — better quality at a given size, worth the doubled render time for finals.
  • 1080p delivery often lands ~10–20 Mb/s; 4K wants several times that — big files are correct here. (Typical; verify.)

Platform delivery specs — the shape of four homes

Destination Aspect / res Codec / wrapper Loudness (Ch.33) Captions Character
YouTube 16:9, up to 4K+ H.264 (or H.265/AV1) .mp4 ~-14 LUFS sidecar .srt Forgiving; upload high, it re-encodes
Vertical social (Reels/TikTok/Shorts) 9:16, 1080×1920 H.264 .mp4 ~-14 LUFS (heavier) burned-in Sound-off, phone, safe zones (Ch.23), aggressive
Broadcast / OTT Exact per spec ProRes / named codec, .mov/.mxf ~-23 LUFS (EBU R128) / -24 LKFS (ATSC A/85) sidecar, required format Strict; miss it = rejected
Client file Ask; else 1080p 16:9 H.264 .mp4 (+ master if asked) ~-14 LUFS Ask; provide Ambiguous — ask + keep the master

Specs change constantly. Memorize the shape, not the numbers; look up today's figure in Appendix H or the platform's own help pages.

Masters vs deliverables (the discipline that saves your career)

Master Deliverable
Codec ProRes / DNxHR (near-lossless) H.264 (compressed)
Size Large (hundreds of Mb/s) Small
Captions None burned in (kept clean) Burned-in or sidecar per destination
Purpose The authoritative copy — kept & archived (Ch.37) A platform-specific copy — re-made as needed
Rule Build it first; derive everything from it Derive from the master or timeline — never from another deliverable
  • Generation loss = the compounding, permanent damage from compressing an already-compressed file. Caused by making the Instagram cut out of the finished YouTube file. Avoided by deriving every deliverable from the master or the timeline.
  • Deliver from a master, not a timeline you might lose. Timelines rot (software updates, dead drives, missing media); a self-contained master plays forever.
  • Storage tight? A high-bitrate H.264 master beats no master at all.

Captions & accessibility on export

Burned-in (open) Sidecar (closed, .srt/.vtt)
Where it lives In the picture's pixels — permanent A separate timecoded text file
Toggle / languages No; one language Yes; multi-language
Use for Sound-off vertical social, muted autoplay YouTube, broadcast, client, the master
Trade-off Guaranteed visible; can't fix without re-export Flexible & correctable; needs player support; a file nobody enables is unread
  • Caption everything you deliver, and correct auto-captions by hand — names, numbers, and noisy speech get mangled.
  • Captions = same-language + sound cues (SDH is the fullest form, for deaf/HoH viewers). Subtitles = translation into another language. Different deliverables.
  • Beyond captions: legible on-screen text (contrast, size, dwell time), never let color alone carry meaning, avoid harsh flashing (guideline: ≤3 flashes/second), and write so the audio can stand alone (toward audio description).
  • Accessibility at delivery is cheap, fast, and often the same thing as effectiveness — a captioned social video simply performs better.

The delivery checklist (run it every time)

BEFORE EXPORT — timeline done?
  □ Picture locked  □ Color final (Ch.31/32)  □ Mix mastered to target loudness (Ch.33)
  □ Titles/captions spell-checked + legible + on long enough
  □ Clean heads/tails (no stray black)  □ Audio + video run full length

EXPORT SETTINGS — matches the destination?
  □ Container + codec right  □ Resolution + fps MATCH the timeline
  □ Bitrate generous (2-pass for finals)  □ Audio 48 kHz, healthy, right channels
  □ Range = ENTIRE timeline  □ Captions handled (burned-in vs sidecar)

AFTER EXPORT — QC the FILE, not the timeline
  □ Watch it start to finish  □ On a PHONE and a big screen
  □ Loudness sane, no clipping  □ Captions display + correct  □ Plays on a clean machine
  □ File size sane for the destination

BEFORE SEND
  □ Named + versioned (Ch.37)  □ Right version for THIS recipient
  □ Master rendered + archived (Ch.37)  □ Captions + notes included; right delivery method

Common mistakes → fixes

Mistake Fix
Clicking export with last job's settings Read every field; match the timeline and the spec
Frame rate ≠ timeline (judder) Match frame rate exactly
Starving the bitrate "to keep it small" Export generous; the platform's re-encode needs quality to work from
Making the vertical from the finished horizontal file Derive from the master/timeline — avoid generation loss
Trusting your memory of the mix Master to target, then QC the exported file's loudness
No / uncorrected auto-captions Caption everything; correct by hand; burned-in vs sidecar by destination
Sending without watching the file QC the export start to finish, on a phone and a big screen
Deleting the master to save space Keep the best master you can afford; archive it (Ch.37)

The project step

Production Checkpoint (Project 3 — LOCK / DELIVER): Deliver all three projects — a high-quality master plus captioned platform deliverables each (a 16:9 web file and at least one 9:16 social cut), every file QC'd on a phone and a big screen. Project 3 is now delivered. Archive the masters in Chapter 37; cut all three into a reel in Chapter 39.

The principles behind the craft

Delivery is where the whole book comes due. You shoot for the edit (Chapter 1) extends all the way to its end: you shoot for the edit, you edit for the delivery, and the delivery is honest about the entire chain — a clean pipeline delivers clean, a compromised one shows every compromise. Sound is half the picture is won or lost here too: a mix mastered to spec and delivered without re-crushing arrives professional; an unverified one gets normalized to mush. And fix it in pre, not in post reaches its final form — know your delivery spec before you shoot and cut, because a broadcaster's 25 fps or a client's vertical hero is a decision that should shape the whole production, not a surprise at the export dialog. Make a master, match each spec, caption everything, watch the file. Do those four things and your great edit reaches the world as a great edit.